I. Talipes Varus---Most Frequent Problem (with the incidence of over 80%)

1. The lower insides of ankle turn inward remarkably in the state of standing, and feet involuntarily turn inward in walking.

2. Even if they are not “Pes Valgus”, lax ligaments in ankles would lower the Talus Bone and foot inside or vertical arch, which might mislead someone into believing that they were.

3. Seen from behind, the two feet turn inward from ankles (as shown in Figure 1), which would affect other parts of body owing to chain reactions. This is because all of our bones are interconnected.

　Therefore, when you are plagued with the problems of talipes varus in ankles, your shin bones, knee joints as well as thigh bones would turn inward, which would change the posture of your pelvis cavity and make hipbones protrude forward. If these symptoms remain chronic without any remedying measures, the vertebra disc in lower part of back would press the nerves and ache. This could serve as a most explicit evidence for the description in medicine reports that over 78% of problems in knees (like pains, abrasion of cartilages and other so-called retrogression phenomena) originate from feet.

II. Talipes Arcuatus (Pes Cavus)

Those patients with the symptom of talipes arcuatus often have shorter distance between calf back and soles, tightened calf muscle groups, sunken or drooping metatarsals and drooping first metatarsal. Owing to excessive arch height in the middle of soles, the feet have too small touch areas with the ground, so there is many a problem about support balance as well as pains in lower parts of back.

III. Hallux Bursa Cyst (Front Spur of Hallux)

Talipes varus might engender pathological changes or commonly termed “problems of retrogression” in other parts of body and make them more and more serious.

One of the major problems: Hallux Bursa Cyst (Front Spur of Hallux)

The reason behind these problems is that too lax ankle ligaments lead to too many involuntary turns in ankle joints in walking, thus heels would turn outward when touching the ground (as referred to in the part of “Step Rotation” under “Learn about Your Feet”), which is also the major cause of fraying in the outside of shoe heels. In such circumstances, the organs involved would suffer too many pulls and tugs when feet touch the ground and hallux would be the last organ to leave the ground (all the toes should leave the ground simultaneously in normal circumstances), which would result in calcification.

Calcification would cause pathological changes in bones and engender spurs. Taking too narrow shoes would aggravate the symptom.

IV. Pes Valgus

Symptoms of Pes Valgus---Pains in ankles, knees, lower parts of back and feet.

Difficulty is increased in running or jumping.

Mosocovich Orthopedic Institute could provide artificial arches for the patients of Pes Valgus by customizing insoles for them, and these gadgets could produce resilience spontaneously to help the patients act freely in running and jumping.

　
V. Plantarfasciitis and spurs in heels

1.　Unbalance and chronic pulls between muscles and bones make chronic inflammations in muscle fibers of soles, whose major cause is malposition of basic feet structures.

2.　Muscles tearing away from bones in soles could cause heel pains, and if such symptoms remain chronic, heels would be calcified and spurs engendered.

3.　Heels are gnawed with pains, particularly after feet remain in rest for a period of time.

4.　If insoles were not applied to solve this problem, “heel spurs” would be increasingly serious.